BACKGROUND Growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas are the commonest cause of acromegaly, with headache being a prevalent symptom that may significantly impair quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate changes in headache burden and QoL following endoscopic resection of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas in patients with acromegaly, using validated assessment tools.
METHODS In this cohort study, we looked at prospectively collected data of patients with acromegaly who underwent endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery between 2016 and 2025. Headache burden and QoL were assessed using the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and the Anterior Skull Base Questionnaire (ASBQ-35) pre-operatively, and at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively.
RESULTS Of 86 acromegaly patients identified, 31 had both pre-operative and at least one post-operative HIT-6 scores. Baseline headache was present in 39% (HIT-6 >36). Overall, there was no statistically significant change in HIT-6 score when compared pre- and postoperatively at all time points. In the subgroup with pre-operative headache, HIT-6 score reduced by 6 (95% CI -11.2, -1.6, p=0.01) and 8 points (95% CI -14.1, -2.7, p=0.01) at 3 weeks and 6 months respectively, showing statistical significance. Overall QoL (ABSQ-35) declined at 3 weeks by 9 points but returned to baseline by 6 weeks and improved significantly at 6 and 12 months; 9 (95% CI 1.7, 17.2, p=0.02) and 14 points (95% CI 5.6, 22.1, p<0.05), respectively. In patients with pre-operative headache, QoL improvement was noted from 6 weeks onwards with statistical significance.
CONCLUSION Endoscopic resection may provide headache relief in acromegaly patients with pre-operative headache. Transient early declines in QoL were observed postoperatively, which resolved by 6 weeks, and significant improvements were seen thereafter irrespective of pre-operative headache status. These findings support the role of surgery in improving symptom burden and QoL, particularly in patients presenting with headache.